The Rococo style was also manifested in the decorative arts. The word Rococo is derived from the French word rocaille, which denoted the shell-covered rock work that was used to decorate artificial grottoes. In the Belvedere Palace in Vienna, (1721-1722), the vaulted ceiling of the Hall of the Atlantes is held up on the shoulders of muscular figures designed by Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt. Arno Schönberger and Halldor Soehner, 1960. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. For names with the same popularity, the tie is solved by assigning popularity rank in alphabetical order. The stairway was also the central element in a residence Neumann built at the Augustusburg Palace in Brühl (1743–1748). Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The meaning of Rocco is “Battle cry; rest; Pet form of ROCKNE”. The gender associated with the name might be incorrect, as the data presents the record applications without being edited for errors. His work is well known today because of the enormous number of engravings made of his work which popularized the style throughout Europe. The French sculptor Étienne-Maurice Falconet (1716–1791) followed this example. Venetian commodes imitated the curving lines and carved ornament of the French rocaille, but with a particular Venetian variation; the pieces were painted, often with landscapes or flowers or scenes from Guardi or other painters, or Chinoiserie, against a blue or green background, matching the colours of the Venetian school of painters whose work decorated the salons. Romantic, the heart of a poet Open-minded, receptive to new ideas Chatty, so fun to talk to Chatty, so fun to talk to Outstanding, excelling beyond others. Ormolu, or gilded bronze, was used by master craftsmen including Jean-Pierre Latz. [34], Mahogany made its appearance in England in about 1720, and immediately became popular for furniture, along with walnut wood. Excellent examples of French Rococo are the Salon de Monsieur le Prince (completed 1722) in the Petit Château at Chantilly, decorated by Jean Aubert, and the salons (begun 1732) of the Hôtel de Soubise, Paris, by Germain Boffrand. Their work had an important influence on the German Rococo style, but does not reach the level of buildings in southern Germany. Like most of the Bavarian pilgrimage churches, the exterior is very simple, with pastel walls, and little ornament. In the 1760s, a style of less formal dresses emerged and one of these was the polonaise, with inspiration taken from Poland. Rococo (/rəˈkoʊkoʊ/, also US: /ˌroʊkəˈkoʊ/), less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colors, sculpted molding, and trompe l'oeil frescoes to create surprise and the illusion of motion and drama. A Rococo period existed in music history, although it is not as well known as the earlier Baroque and later Classical forms. [3] It also came to influence the other arts, particularly sculpture, furniture, silverware and glassware, painting, music, and theatre. From France the Rococo style spread in the 1730s to the Catholic German-speaking lands, where it was adapted to a brilliant style of religious architecture that combined French elegance with south German fantasy as well as with a lingering Baroque interest in dramatic spatial and plastic effects. [11], The term rococo was first used in print in 1825 to describe decoration which was "out of style and old-fashioned." Light pastels, ivory white, and gold were the predominant colours, and Rococo decorators frequently used mirrors to enhance the sense of open space. [17] The intent was to create an impression of surprise, awe and wonder on first view.[18]. The first thing you should know if you are considering Rocco for your baby's name is that in most countries all over the world the name Rocco is a boy name. The church features, like much of the rococo architecture in Germany, a remarkable contrast between the regularity of the facade and the overabundance of decoration in the interior. They were made by master craftsmen including Jean-Pierre Latz and also featured marquetry of different-coloured woods, sometimes placed in checkerboard cubic patterns, made with light and dark woods. Spanish sculpture of the 17th and 18th centuries exhibits a greater continuity with late Gothic art than does the painting; and the Counter-Reformation demands for realism and an emotional stimulus to piety led to sculpture with glass eyes, human hair, and…, The influence of French furniture was predominant in Europe during the 18th century. The amount of colourful overglaze decoration used on them also increased. 33, for cello and orchestra in 1877. William Hogarth helped develop a theoretical foundation for Rococo beauty. By the early 19th century, Catholic opinion had turned against the suitability of the style for ecclesiastical contexts because it was "in no way conducive to sentiments of devotion".[45]. Antoine Watteau, Pilgrimage on the Isle of Cythera (1717), "Luncheon with Ham" by Nicolas Lancret (1735), Ceiling of the Salon of Hercules by François Lemoyne (1735), The Toilet of Venus by François Boucher (1746). Rococo fashion was based on extravagance, elegance, refinement and decoration. It was shorter than the French dress, allowing the underskirt and ankles to be seen, which made it easier to move around in. Another dress that came into fashion was the robe a l'anglais, which included elements inspired by the males' fashion; a short jacket, broad lapels and long sleeves. He turned official French architecture toward the neoclassical. Floor plans of churches were often complex, featuring interlocking ovals; In palaces, grand stairways became centrepieces, and offered different points of view of the decoration. Rococo features exuberant decoration, with an abundance of curves, counter-curves, undulations and elements modeled on nature. Early Rococo or Rocaille sculpture in France sculpture was lighter and offered more movement than the classical style of Louis XIV. The Swiss-born German sculptor Franz Anton Bustelli produced a wide variety of colourful figures for the Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory in Bavaria, which were sold throughout Europe. The exteriors of Rococo buildings are often simple, while the interiors are entirely dominated by their ornament. Russian composer of the Romantic era Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky wrote The Variations on a Rococo Theme, Op. G.W. [38] The leading proponent was Antoine Watteau, particularly in Pilgrimage on the Isle of Cythera (1717), Louvre, in a genre called Fête Galante depicting scenes of young nobles gathered together to celebrate in a pastoral setting. The characteristics of French Rococo included exceptional artistry, especially in the complex frames made for mirrors and paintings, which were sculpted in plaster and often gilded; and the use of vegetal forms (vines, leaves, flowers) intertwined in complex designs. The sculpture was closely integrated with the architecture; it was impossible to know where one stopped and the other began. [35], The beginning of the end for Rococo came in the early 1760s as figures like Voltaire and Jacques-François Blondel began to voice their criticism of the superficiality and degeneracy of the art. The most prominent painter of Bavarian rococo churches was Johann Baptist Zimmermann, who painted the ceiling of the Wieskirche (1745–1754). The earlier music of Joseph Haydn and of the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart can thus be termed Rococo, although the work of these composers more properly belongs to the emerging Classical style. This was the name of a 14th-century French saint who nursed victims of the plague but eventually contracted the disease himself. Required fields are marked *. The colour palette was rich, dark fabrics accompanied by elaborate, heavy design features. Print. Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! sfn error: no target: CITEREFde_Morant1970 (, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, "Rococo style (design) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia", https://www.bavaria.by/experiences/city-country-culture/castles-palaces/wuerzburg-residence, "The Rococo Influence in British Art - dummies", "Posts about Baroque/Rococo 1650-1800 on History of Costume", "Eighteenth-Century Silhouette and Support", All-art.org: Rococo in the "History of Art", Bergerfoundation.ch: Rococo style examples, Barock- und Rococo- Architektur, Volume 1, Part 1, 1892(in German), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rococo&oldid=986072179, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The partial abandonment of symmetry, everything being composed of graceful lines and curves, similar to, The huge quantity of asymmetrical curves and C-shaped, The very wide use of flowers in ornamentation, an example being. 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