This type of test aims to identify any and all changes saw in chromosomes, proteins and in the genes of an individual. However, the approach is faced with a lot of tensions between the individual right of autonomy and the society. Ethics is a vital tool towards understanding of the existing tensions that come up out of differences in the values inherent in different people. Lastly, in clinical utility, we refer to whether the test can provide information about diagnosis, treatment, management, or prevention of a disease that will be helpful to a consumer. The results of genetic testing posses dangers, to the affected, of contracting a disease, which is to the high degree fatal. Denying someone a job, promotion, or insurance based on the chance that they might develop a medical problem is unethical and, The New German Cinema Movement In The Life Of Werner Herzog, The Role And Treatment Of Women In Euripides's A Streetcar Named Desire. ISBN-13: 978-0878408047, 257-264. This is a right that the parents should have regardless of the opposing side arguments towards it. When the news is presented in the delivery room. How about receiving a customized one? An impartial genetic testing officer is likely to encounter a potential conflict from an advocate of public health. Genetic testing is a moral discipline and therefore the relevant ethics involved should be put in place. Such individuals who are unaffected by that particular disease may require a genetic testing to come up with a conclusive result of their carrier position (Sumner, 1999). The healthiest approach to problem solution is creation of awareness on causes, effects and results of the problem for the appropriate steps involved to gain effectiveness. The question I propose to you now is; do you really want to know? The results are ability to result to stigmatization and general decline of self-esteem and individuals hope in the future career and family life. The basic goal of the ambitious research endeavor is to identify every gene found in the human body. Edition ISBN-13: 978-0198238782,58-68. In 2001 The Human Genome Project was completed giving us the make up of the entire human genome. “Not only should use of genetic information be allowed in this case, it should be required” (In this case however, Levin fails to consider the chance that the tests are not completely accurate and even if they are, there is still a chance that this person will never have a seizure. The public health concern in this scenario of contagious diseases is rooted to appreciation of the fact that, while one individual is affected, uncountable number of other people may become ill or even die out of this single case. Would you like to get a custom essay? However, like any other scientific discovery, it bought conflicts which caused major controversies and a large population disagreed with the concept of playing with the genetic codes of human beings. Genetic testing first started in 1866 by a scientist known as, Gregor Mendel, when he published his work on pea plants. The epidemiologist has a moral ethical duty to act on the findings of the genetic tests on one hand while the public health advocate is entitled to protect the public from a possible outbreak (Post & Whitehouse 1998). The theory challenges the scientists and professionals with obligations that they should withhold in order that they are objective, unbiased and even honest in their practice when using the deemed appropriate methods (Sharpe, & Carter 2006). The technology is at its infancy stages and it is exhibiting potential use in the future as a technology in the field of health care services. Genetic testing also find immense application in confirming diagnosis in the laboratory, of individuals found to have symptoms of a certain genetic related disease as a basis to reference to physician, for the appropriate treatment and action. Neil F. Sharpe, Ronald F. Carter. It is a normal procedure for human beings to life in an environment of conflict due to the simple reasons that the means and ends to different goals in life take different courses of actions and that each an every individual has to accomplish the designated duties at the end of the day. A spouse to such an individual would be in a dilemma as whether to be involved in a relationship and child bearing to a partner who has potential danger of future illness or even death. The newborn baby may also be subjected to a genetic test for the same reasons as applies to the fetus or embryo above. Lapham EV, Kozma C, Weiss JO (1996), Genetic Discrimination: Perspectives of Consumers, Science, 621 – 624. Of this 2 billion dollars budgeted, 5% is spent annually on the ethical, legal and social issues. By the virtue of the fact that genetic testing is a new technology and bound to be a mandatory public health procedure, the concerns are traumatizing. This serves more as an advantage than a disadvantage, due to the fact parents. Genetic testing is also useful in “forensic and identity testing” (Sharpe, & Carter 2006, 89). For such a person the marital life, in the first place is in danger. The problem facing people requires an elaborated framework as a principal guide towards looking for solution. This is a similar case of a compulsory genetic testing and any case of a genetic related disease being referred to the relevant physicians for appropriate action towards its control and treatment. Genetics Teeth. This is a technology of the new millennium and it is bound to have serious repercussions on the fields of information “confidentiality, insurability and employability” (Post & Whitehouse, 1998,102), of the target individual revealed to be a potential danger to the public out of results of genetic testing. The principle of Nonmaleficence: According to this principle the right cause of decision should not in any way portly any harmful effects to other people. The use of these gene products requires, that chromosomes stains or fluorescent, are examined under high power microscopes (Wasserman, Bickenbach, & Wachbroit 2005). Fix vs. Abort The decision for or against genetic testing therefore lies explicitly on the individual person supposed to take the test (Sumner 1999). What can genetic screening offer people that currently is not being offered and at what, Genetic Screening Cancer is one of the number one killer diseases. According to the principles, the benefits and harm of genetic testing should be a burden of every member of the society shared and distributed equally across the board (Post & Whitehouse 1998). All rights reserved. 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