Specific causes include: Excessive bleeding may sometimes be very obvious, but can also be within the body or in the intestinal tract, for example, where it may be more difficult to detect. The advantage of flow cytometry over other methodologies is the small amount of blood required and even in severely thrombocytopenic animals enough platelets can be recovered for reliable evaluation. 7. 10,000/µl. Meyers KM, Holmsen H, Seachord CL (1982) Comparative study of platelet dense granule constituents. Exotoxins may directly damage platelets and contribute to thrombocytopenia. However, this is often a so-called pseudothrombocytopenia (incorrect low platelet values) which can occur with automated counting of platelets. The mechanisms associated with thrombocytopenia during a viral infection may be multifactorial and vary with the agent. In humans and small animals, spontaneous bleeding occurs rarely at platelet values > 20-30,000/µl if they do not suffer from thrombocytopathia or a coagulopathy in addition. Hemostasis is a complex interaction between platelets, blood vessels and the coagulation cascade. Direct PBA testing was performed in 42 thrombocytopenic cats (platelet counts 60,000-179,000/µl, median 56,000/µl). With severe anaemia, a cat may need to be hospitalised and monitored closely. Because of the wide variety of potential underlying causes of the different types of anaemia, further tests are often needed to identify the specific cause. Tierärztl Prax 19, 413-418. J Feline Med Surg (in press). Patients with severe thrombocytopenia should always be closely monitored for critical bleeding. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 33, 1401-1418. Activation of thrombocytes results in the release of serotonin. Red blood cells are a special type of cell that contain haemoglobin – this is a special iron-containing molecule that efficiently binds oxygen. Vet Clin Pathol 27, 2-9. Vet Clin Pathol 28, 42-45. Therefore, manual counting (e.g., using Thrombo Plus®-tubes, Sarstedt and a Neubauer counting chamber) or slide evaluation must always be done to confirm whether the thrombocytopenia is real or artifactual. In severe cases, it will also cause an increased respiratory effort as the animal tries to get more oxygen in the lungs to improve the level of oxygen in the circulation. X-rays and/or ultrasound investigations may be needed in some cases, and if an underlying bone marrow problem is suspected then collection of bone marrow samples (a bone marrow aspirate or biopsy) may be required – this is a procedure that can be performed by simply placing a needle into a bone under a short general anaesthetic. In addition to the signs associated with anaemia, cats may also show signs of an underlying disease (such as chronic kidney disease for example) that may be causing the anaemia. In cats, sometimes multiple causes of anaemia can be present at the same time, which may complicate the picture. Anaemia can usually be broadly divided into regenerative and non-regenerative forms. Kohn B, Linden T, Leibold W (2006) Platelet-bound antibodies detected by a flow cytometric assay in cats with thrombocytopenia. and infections with parvovirus, Ehrlichia risticii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia felis, Mycoplasma spp., Cytauxzoon felis, Histoplasma capsulatum. Cats can be affected by inherited platelet defects, such as Von Willebrand's Disease, although this disease is rare in cats. Linden T (2004) Thrombozytopenie bei der Katze unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der immunvermittelten Thrombozytopenie-eine prospective Studie (Januar 1999-Juni 2000). Platelet destruction in bacterial infections can occur as a result of platelet adherence or aggregation to activated monocytes or neutrophils. Bleeding was related to platelet values below 30,000/µl, and occurred in cats suffering from neoplasia (n = 5), infections with FeLV (2), pITP (1), or associated to an Eisenmenger's syndrome (1). Regenerative anaemias are those in which the bone marrow responds to the anaemia appropriately by trying to produce new RBCs to replace those that have been lost. The prevalence of feline thrombocytopenia (< 200,000 platelets/µl) at North Carolina State University from 1985 to 1990 was 1.2% (41/3300). It is not a specific disease but rather it is the result of some other disease process or condition. Anaemia is the term used to describe reduced numbers of red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes) in the circulation. Therapeutic approach in cats with thrombocytopenia depends on the underlying disease. This amount will raise the recipient platelet count by a maximum of approx. In cats primary or secondary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia have rarely been described or characterized. No significant differences were found between groups with respect to platelet count. The reduced RBC numbers can be demonstrated directly using a machine that can count the individual cells, or can be detected more simply by a measurement call the ‘packed cell volume’ or PCV (this measurement can be obtained by spinning a small blood sample in a thin glass tube in a centrifuge, and observing the volume taken up by the RBCs which will sediment [or pack] at the bottom of the tube). For example, certain infections, neoplasia (cancer), immune system disorders, and pancreatitis can result in thrombocytopenia, as can drug therapies such as some anti-cancer treatments. Would you like to change your VIN email? 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