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If the mule deer loses its antlers the new antlers can regrow almost instantly. [14], In addition to movements related to available shelter and food, the breeding cycle is important in understanding deer behavior. They are exclusively browsers. [30] Because some of the subspecies of mule deer are migratory, they encounter variable habitats and forage quality throughout the year. Gestation for mule deer is seven months, versus six and a half for white-tailed deer. Once a doe gives birth, their offspring learns to stand within the first 20 minutes. [18] The studies[19] gave these data for Rocky Mountain mule deer diets:[20], The diets of mule deer are very similar to those of white-tailed deer in areas where they coexist. An adorable baby Mule Deer (Fawn) looking for food in the Canadian wilderness during Autumn. The male deer grow antlers during the summer and fall and shed them each spring. Gestation lasts 6 to 7 months and one or two fawns are born in early summer. In the middle of a day, the mule deer will rest in a cool, secluded area. This race is markedly smaller than other mule deer, with an average weight of 54.5 kg (120 lb) and 36 kg (79 lb) in males and females, respectively. crowding) is about seven. Mule deer mate from mid- to late-November; white-tailed deer breed from late-November to early December. Of this, the tail may comprise 11.6 to 23 cm (4.6 to 9.1 in). The mule deer is the larger of the two Odocoileus species on average, with a height of 80–106 cm (31–42 in) at the shoulders and a nose-to-tail length ranging from 1.2 to 2.1 m (3.9 to 6.9 ft). The female produces 2 fawns after a long gestation period of 200 days. Mule deer are a social species and typically stay in groups of multi-generational families of related females with their offspring. Newborn fawns are licked clean by the doe to minimize scent and have a spotted coat to help camouflage them. Males grow forked antlers that have 8 to 10 points and spread as much as 4 feet (1.2 m). In pronking the deer gets all its four legs in the air (at the same time) and touch the ground with all legs coming down. The annual cycle of antler growth is regulated by changes in the length of the day. Despite this, the mtDNAof the white-tailed deer and mule d… [1][5][6][7][9][34] Mule deer apparently evolved from the black-tailed deer. They are so-named because of their large ears that look like a mule's ears. Gear Used. Mule deer have no upper teeth, only a hard palate. Mule deer have acute senses in that they can detect the predator’s movement at a distance of 600 meters. Changes in hormone levels are indications of physiological adjustments to the changes in the habitat. [15], A buck's antlers fall off during the winter, then grow again in preparation for the next season's rut. There is a white patch on their rump and they have a small white tail tipped with black. [11], In 99 studies of mule deer diets, some 788 species of plants were eaten by mule deer, and their diets vary greatly depending on the season, geographic region, year, and elevation. 500mm f/4.0 1/320s ISO 800 4518 x 3012px. [16] Fawns stay with their mothers during the summer and are weaned in the fall after about 60–75 days. They begin to accompany their mothers within a few weeks. The annual cycle of antler growth is regulated by changes in the length of the day. The fawns have a spotted coat. [15][17], The size of mule deer groups follows a marked seasonal pattern. Bryan Recommends . Females (does) do not have antlers. They usually stay with their mothers for their first full year. Rumination time also increases when deer consume high-fiber, low-starch diets, which allows for increased nutrient acquisition due to greater length of fermentation. — Photo by ronniechua. Many states have purchased tracts of land in order to maintain the various habitats critical to the deer. [5] The two main groups have been treated as separate species, but they hybridize, and virtually all recent authorities treat the mule deer and black-tailed deer as conspecific. They also are found in mountain forests, wooded hills and in chaparral. Their sense of smell is 1,000 times sharper than the human’s sense of smell. [17], Besides humans, the three leading predators of mule deer are coyotes, wolves, and cougars. A baby deer is called a fawn or a calf, but a young deer a few years old that is neither a baby nor a matured deer may be called a youngling. Their next set of antlers then starts to grow immediately. Nursing fawns stay hidden during the day in the underbrush while their mothers are away. First Looks at Sigma 24-70mm f/2.8 DG … These deer adapt to living in the desert by being active during the warm weather at night or during the early morning hours. The female produces 2 fawns after a long gestation period of 200 days. They particularly like blackberry and raspberry vines, mistletoe, grapes, mushrooms and ferns. The two main groups have been treated as separate species, but they hybridize, and virtually all recent authorities treat the mule deer and black-tailed deer as conspecific. [9] Despite this, the mtDNA of the white-tailed deer and mule deer is similar, but differs from that of the black-tailed deer. The first group includes all subspecies, except O. h. columbianus and O. h. sitkensis, which are in the black-tailed deer group. It takes them a week to exercise their legs and walk at the same pace as their mother. They are brownish-gray in color, have a white rump patch and a small white tail with a black tip. Groups are smallest during fawning season (June and July in Saskatchewan and Alberta) and largest in early gestation (winter; February and March in Saskatchewan and Alberta). Mule deer apparently evolved from the black-tailed deer. Baby Deer White-tailed Deer fawns are born April through July, with the majority of fawns born in June. Mule deer lack front teeth; they just have a hard palate. The deer earned its name due to its mule-like ears which were not found in white-tailed deer. The "rut" or mating season usually begins in the fall as does go into estrus for a period of a few days and males become more aggressive, competing for mates. Further threats include: great numbers in predator populations (e.g. [34], The 10 valid subspecies, based on the third edition of Mammal Species of the World, are:[5], Game animals and shooting in North America, "Tails with a Dark Side: The truth about whitetail–mule deer hybrids", "North American Deer: Mule, Whitetail and Coastal Blacktail Deer", "Mule Deer Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque)", "Sitka Black-tailed Deer Hunting Information", "DWR Biologists Use Helicopter Rides, Ultrasound, To Check on Deer Pregnancies", "Infectious Disease and Grouping Patterns in Mule Deer", "Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Fact Sheet", Mule Deer: Changing Landscapes, Changing Perspectives: Supplemental Feeding—Just Say No, "Causes and consequences of sociality in mule deer", "Herbivore Body Condition Response in Altered Environments: Mule Deer and Habitat Management", "Status of the name Odocoileus hemionus crooki (Mammalia: Cervidae)", Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, Encyclopedia of Life page on the mule deer, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mule_deer&oldid=985111884, Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands, Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, Short description is different from Wikidata, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Doe (left) and buck (right) in Elk Creek, Oregon, This page was last edited on 24 October 2020, at 01:08. Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are easy to identify due to their large mule-like ears. Mule deer have also been introduced to Argentina and Kauai, Hawaii.[5]. Mule deer females usually give birth to two fawns, although if it is their first time having a baby they often only have one fawn. Mule deer usually live 9-11 years in the wild and can live to be much older when in captivity. Adult bucks normally weigh 55–150 kg (121–331 lb), averaging around 92 kg (203 lb), although trophy specimens may weigh up to 210 kg (460 lb). This site receives, Another Stock Refresh, 5 Refurbished Canon RF Lenses (RF 50 F1.2 L), Many EF Lenses, EOS Cameras Now In Stock at Canon USA, Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS II USM Lens Firmware Update Version 1.0.7 Released, Canon EF 400mm f/4 DO IS II USM Lens Firmware Update Version 1.0.9 Released, Sony Stacks Rebates — Save Up to an Additional $200.00 Per Lens With Purchase of Two or More, Save Big: Flashpoint XPLOR 600 PRO TTL R2 Monolight with Zoom Li-ion Speedlite Featured in Adorama's Deal of the Day — Save $368.95, Exclusive Savings for Kelby One Training! 2021 N. Kinney Rd., Tucson AZ 85743 U.S.A. The female deer are smaller than the male. I am thinking I can get a 50-65 grain bullet to stabilize. The first group includes all subspecies, except O. h. columbianus and O. h. sitkensis, which are in the black-tailed deer group. If they use an area often, they will scratch a crude nest in the earth with their hooves. The most noticeable differences between white-tailed and mule deer are ear size, tail color, and antler configuration. Please be sure to review the FAQs before your visit. [15] The survival rate of the fawns during labor is about 50%. Bucks which are older than yearlings will often group together, otherwise they remain solitary. A baby Mule Deer stands in a grassy clearing. Mule deer are primarily active during the morning, evening and moonlit nights. Cookie Cutter Shark Facts for Kids – Cookie Cutter Shark Interesting Facts, Greenland Shark Facts for Kids – Greenland Shark Interesting Facts & Information, Megalodon Shark Facts for Kids – Megalodon Shark Facts and Information, Tasmanian Devil Facts for Kids – Fun Facts & Information, Wedge Tailed Eagle Facts for Kids – Australian Wedge Tailed Eagle Facts, Harpy Eagle Facts for Kids – Harpy Eagle Fun Facts, Red Deer Facts for Kids – Red Deer Facts & Information, White Tailed Deer Fun Facts – Interesting Facts and Information. Mule deer antlers are bifurcated; they "fork" as they grow, rather than branching from a single main beam, as is the case with white-taileds. The image is available for download in high resolution quality up to 5616x3744. Does (female deer) are smaller and typically weigh from 43 to 90 kg (95 to 198 lb), with an average of around 68 kg (150 lb). © 2009-2020. The mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) lives in the western Missouri River of North America. In the late summer and autumn, mixed family groups join together to form larger groups for protection during the winter. There are 10 subspecies of mule deer. The weaning process begins when the fawns are around 5 weeks old and it is usually completed by the time they are 16 weeks old. 2. All guests, including members, must reserve tickets in advance. Until they are strong enough to keep up with their mothers, deer fawns … Deer consuming high-fiber, low-starch diets require less food than those consuming high-starch, low-fiber diets. I have a 22-250 26’ bull barrel with a 1:12 twist. [31] Forages consumed in the summer are higher in digestible components (i.e. Most first-year does will have one fawn each year, but twins or triplets are typically seen thereafter. Mule deer are browsers, eating a wide variety of vegetable matter, such as fresh green leaves, lower branches of trees, twigs and various grasses. They are able to detect water that is two feet underground. These antlers mostly regrow in spring. Wild horned roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) walking in oak forest at feeding spot, Female Red deer in the natural environment. Starting at Only $3.00, Reikan Releases Major Upgrade with FoCal 2020, 1 Available: 10-Condition Used Really Right Stuff TQC-14 Mk2 Carbon Fiber Tripod at B&H. [5][35] Additionally, the validity of O. h. inyoensis has been questioned, and the two insular O. h. cerrosensis and O. h. sheldoni may be synonyms of O. h. eremicus or O. h. 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